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It doesn't seem worth it, except for novelty value.
You'd need to grow quite a lot to get a decent amount of sugar, the extraction process would be difficult, and sugar is dirt-cheap to buy, anyway.
I've no idea how "sweet" sugar beet tastes as a vegetable but can it be cooked and used in the way that carrots were used to replace sugar in wartime recipes?
Using some numbers pulled from Farmers Weekly articles and general web searches:
yield of processed sugar is 15.5% (in 2017, 1.38 Mt sugar from 8.9 Mt beets);
record UK yield in 2017 was 121 tonnes per hectare, at 100,000 plants per hectare, which implies average 1.2 kg beets and roughly 1 plant per square foot (how much of that is space 'wasted' to allow machinery access?); best yield of sugar per beet, however, is obtained from plants sown at 15 cm spacing, i.e. 4 per square foot (could you actually fit 4.8 kg of beet in a square foot??).
So, best case scenario, on a small scale SFG allotment bed, with tenderly coddled plants, you might get 4 x 121 t/ha x 15.5% = 7.5 kg of sugar per square metre, which you could buy at the supermarket for less than £5, and you've not factored in the not insignificant energy cost of processing your beet pulp.
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